# Katy Perry Kundli — AI-readable summary Canonical page: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry Last reviewed: 2026-11-09 Occupation: Singer, songwriter and television personality Country: United States Profile: An American singer, songwriter and television personality known for major pop hits and colourful visual performance. ## Birth data and confidence Date: 1984-10-25 Time: 07:58:00 Place: Santa Barbara, California, United States Timezone: America/Los_Angeles (-07:00) Time accuracy: AA Calculation basis: verified Confidence note: Birth-time confidence: Documented time (AA). Time-dependent results may still change if a better documented birth time becomes available. ## Key chart facts Lagna: Libra 17° 08′ 14″ — Swati Pada 4 Sun: Libra, house 1, Swati Moon: Libra, house 1, Vishakha Pada 2 Current four-level Dasha: Mercury → Jupiter → Jupiter → Venus ## Best growth years Best past years: 1996, 1998, 2007 Current growth window: 2026–2027 — Personal reinvention, confidence and visibility receive the main emphasis; courage, communication, skills and self-directed effort provide the route, while disciplined effort can convert into durable progress. Best future years: 2030, 2033, 2036 ## What matters now - Current life chapter: Mercury chapter — identity, confidence and a new direction — This Mercury chapter redirects attention toward personal reinvention, confidence and visibility. For a Libra Lagna, Mercury also carries education, mentors, travel, publishing and guiding principles; closure, private… - Best use of this period: Where effort is most likely to pay — Choose a clear direction, strengthen the body and identity, and let action follow a defined purpose. - Main risk to manage: What can weaken otherwise good timing — Watch for over-analysis, mixed messages, nervous overactivity or decisions made only from cleverness; in this chart, also avoid turning independence into impatience or treating every disagreement as a test of… - Next turning point: Mercury → Saturn — The wider Mercury chapter continues to build identity, confidence and a new direction. This Saturn phase brings personal reinvention, confidence and visibility to the foreground. In practical terms, choose a… ## Six life areas at a glance - Character: Diplomatic, socially aware and skilled at creating balance without losing direction. The inner drive is to create fairness, connection and refined judgement. Privately, the emotional nature… Practical direction: Learn, communicate, compare evidence and turn ideas into a workable plan. Let personal reinvention, confidence and… - Career & public life: Career develops through career, reputation, responsibility and public achievement. Its ruler is placed in the area of personal reinvention, confidence and visibility, so recognition grows… Practical direction: Choose measurable work, strengthen one differentiating skill, document results and accept only the responsibility that can… - Money: Earning and saving work best when the person's skills, pricing and network all support the same long-term direction. The money house ruler works from the area of courage, communication,… Practical direction: Separate earning capacity, monthly cash flow, emergency reserves and risk. Use regulated financial advice for investments,… - Relationships: Partnership works best when fairness is matched by directness. The relationship house is Aries and its ruler connects partnership with courage, communication, skills and self-directed… Practical direction: Ask what each side actually needs, put important terms in writing and protect cooperation with clear boundaries. - Home & family: Family belonging is shaped by the need for home, emotional security and long-term foundations and by the way money, speech and inherited values are handled. The home area is approached in a… Practical direction: Use written plans for property or money, direct conversations for care responsibilities and boundaries that preserve… - Health & routine: This chart treats vitality as something that responds strongly to routine, workload and recovery. The identity house is Libra and its ruler works from house 2; the work-and-recovery houses… Practical direction: Protect sleep, movement, ordinary preventive care and a workload that can be sustained for months, not just days. ## Five plain-language findings - This person tends to meet the world as diplomatic, socially aware and skilled at creating balance without losing direction. - The inner drive is to create fairness, connection and refined judgement. - The present chapter rewards personal reinvention, confidence and visibility. Learn, communicate, compare evidence and turn ideas into a workable plan. - The earlier rise around 2007 favoured personal reinvention, confidence and visibility; the chart works best when opportunity is supported by consistent preparation. - The next standout window is around 2036, with the best results likely when growth remains selective, visible and well structured. ## Yogas present now or available in the chart - Dhana-yoga link (Active now): Can support income and gains through skill, judgement, learning, creativity or useful alliances. Especially active now because Mercury is running in the present timing cycle. - Dharma-Karmadhipati connection (Active now): Helps turn principles, education or guidance into visible work and public responsibility. Especially active now because Mercury is running in the present timing cycle. - Raja-yoga links (Active now): Can help ability turn into recognition, leadership or larger responsibility when the timing supports it. Especially active now because Mercury is running in the present timing cycle. - Budha-Aditya Yoga (Active now): Supports quick thinking, confident communication, planning and a visible intellectual identity. Especially active now because Mercury is running in the present timing cycle. - Shasha Mahapurusha Yoga (Present): Builds authority through patience, discipline, endurance and responsibility over time. Present in the birth chart; it becomes more noticeable when Saturn periods are active. ## Past, present and future Dasha journey Current overview: The long Mercury chapter is currently working through a Jupiter phase until 11 December 2028. The larger task is choose a clear direction, strengthen the body and identity, and let action follow a defined purpose. Right now, the most useful emphasis is practise a useful skill, communicate consistently and take the initiative instead of waiting for perfect confidence. Current chapter: Mercury chapter — identity, confidence and a new direction (21 August 2014 to 21 August 2031) Best use: Choose a clear direction, strengthen the body and identity, and let action follow a defined purpose. Watch: Watch for over-analysis, mixed messages, nervous overactivity or decisions made only from cleverness; in this chart, also avoid turning independence into impatience or treating every disagreement as a test of identity. - Future chapter — Ketu chapter — money, voice and family responsibility, 21 August 2031 to 21 August 2038: This Ketu chapter redirects attention toward money, values, speech and family responsibilities. For a Libra Lagna, this nodal chapter intensifies money, values, speech and family responsibilities and exposes patterns that ordinary routines may not reveal. Specialisation, simplification and inward clarity help release work or identities that no longer carry meaning. This planet is mixed in strength, so the period tends to alternate between openings and corrective work rather than moving in one smooth line. - Future chapter — Venus chapter — money, voice and family responsibility, 21 August 2038 to 20 August 2058: This Venus chapter redirects attention toward money, values, speech and family responsibilities. For a Libra Lagna, Venus also carries personal reinvention, confidence and visibility; research, shared resources, resilience and major change. This means progress in one of these areas often creates a decision in the others. Relationships, agreements, money choices, creativity and quality of life ask for both grace and boundaries. This planet is mixed in strength, so the period tends to alternate between openings and corrective work rather than moving in one smooth line. - Future chapter — Sun chapter — identity, confidence and a new direction, 20 August 2058 to 20 August 2064: This Sun chapter redirects attention toward personal reinvention, confidence and visibility. For a Libra Lagna, Sun also carries income growth, networks, recognition and long-range goals. This means progress in one of these areas often creates a decision in the others. Leadership, authority, visibility and the relationship with recognition become tests of mature self-respect. This planet is mixed in strength, so the period tends to alternate between openings and corrective work rather than moving in one smooth line. - Future chapter — Moon chapter — identity, confidence and a new direction, 20 August 2064 to 20 August 2074: This Moon chapter redirects attention toward personal reinvention, confidence and visibility. For a Libra Lagna, Moon also carries career, reputation, responsibility and public achievement. This means progress in one of these areas often creates a decision in the others. Home, care, public mood and emotional belonging become stronger influences on practical decisions. This planet has workable support: progress is available, but consistency and good judgement decide how much of it becomes durable. - Future chapter — Mars chapter — skills, courage and communication, 20 August 2074 to 20 August 2081: This Mars chapter redirects attention toward courage, communication, skills and self-directed effort. For a Libra Lagna, Mars also carries money, values, speech and family responsibilities; partnerships, agreements, clients and public response. This means progress in one of these areas often creates a decision in the others. Action, competition, property, courage and conflict move faster; disciplined energy is the advantage. This planet has workable support: progress is available, but consistency and good judgement decide how much of it becomes durable. ## More details about this person ### Character & Temperament Diplomatic, socially aware and skilled at creating balance without losing direction. The inner drive is to create fairness, connection and refined judgement. Privately, the emotional nature seeks harmony, mutual respect, beauty and relationships that feel fair. This combination often makes the person appear more composed or purposeful outside than they may feel inside. What supports this: The best-supported personal qualities come through Saturn, Jupiter, Moon. The current Mercury chapter can make these qualities more visible when responsibility is accepted rather than avoided. What to watch: Pride can make feedback feel personal; confidence grows faster when authority remains accountable. Practical focus: Learn, communicate, compare evidence and turn ideas into a workable plan. Let personal reinvention, confidence and visibility lead the plan. For immediate choices, expand through knowledge, mentoring, ethics and opportunities that improve the long term. ### Mind, Emotions & Decision Style The mind responds through a Libra Moon: Harmony, mutual respect, beauty and relationships that feel fair. With the Moon in the area of personal reinvention, confidence and visibility, feelings become clearest when that part of life is acknowledged instead of rationalised away. Mercury shows that decisions improve when information is organised before a final answer is given. What supports this: Greatest desire: Emotional security, mutual trust and dependable companionship. Mercury carries a 58/100 strength score, showing how easily thought can be turned into a plan. What to watch: Strong intuition can still confuse atmosphere with evidence. Emotional decisions benefit from one pause, one factual check and one clearly stated boundary. Practical focus: Name the feeling, verify the assumption and only then decide what action is proportionate. ### Health, Vitality & Daily Routine This chart treats vitality as something that responds strongly to routine, workload and recovery. The identity house is Libra and its ruler works from house 2; the work-and-recovery houses show whether pressure is discharged through action, rest or accumulated obligation. This is a traditional wellbeing reflection, not a medical assessment. What supports this: The first-house ruler has a 49/100 strength score. Houses 6 and 8 are carried by Jupiter and Venus; their present activation is noticeable. What to watch: A chart cannot diagnose illness or determine treatment. Symptoms, screening and medication decisions require qualified medical care. Practical focus: Protect sleep, movement, ordinary preventive care and a workload that can be sustained for months, not just days. ### Family, Parents & Home Life Family belonging is shaped by the need for home, emotional security and long-term foundations and by the way money, speech and inherited values are handled. The home area is approached in a structured, strategic and willing to accept delayed rewards for lasting position manner, while its ruler links domestic life with personal reinvention, confidence and visibility. This often makes emotional security depend on practical clarity, not affection alone. What supports this: The ruler is well supported, so this area can produce dependable progress when it is used consistently. The family-resources house adds this pattern: The ruler is workable but mixed, so results depend more on timing, preparation and clear choices than on easy momentum. What to watch: Unspoken caregiving expectations, property assumptions or old family roles can create pressure when nobody states what is realistically possible. Practical focus: Use written plans for property or money, direct conversations for care responsibilities and boundaries that preserve affection without creating resentment. ### Finance, Savings & Wealth Earning and saving work best when the person's skills, pricing and network all support the same long-term direction. The money house ruler works from the area of courage, communication, skills and self-directed effort; the gains house ruler works from personal reinvention, confidence and visibility. This shows where income can be created and where leakage or dependence needs closer management. What supports this: The ruler is workable but mixed, so results depend more on timing, preparation and clear choices than on easy momentum. The ruler is sensitive, so this area grows through correction, boundaries and learned skill rather than automatic ease. Prosperity-related chart support currently includes Dhana-yoga link, Dharma-Karmadhipati connection, Raja-yoga links. What to watch: A strong earning signature does not make every investment, loan or partnership favourable. Optimism, status spending and unclear shared obligations still need evidence and limits. Practical focus: Separate earning capacity, monthly cash flow, emergency reserves and risk. Use regulated financial advice for investments, tax or debt decisions. ### Career, Business & Public Role Career develops through career, reputation, responsibility and public achievement. Its ruler is placed in the area of personal reinvention, confidence and visibility, so recognition grows when those two subjects are handled together. The current Mercury–Jupiter phase places extra emphasis on personal reinvention, confidence and visibility and courage, communication, skills and self-directed effort, making the present chapter more about building a credible role than chasing activity for its own sake. What supports this: The ruler is workable but mixed, so results depend more on timing, preparation and clear choices than on easy momentum. The work house and gains house add: The ruler is well supported, so this area can produce dependable progress when it is used consistently. It is also active in the present Dasha sequence, making its choices more immediate now. The ruler is sensitive, so this area grows through correction, boundaries and learned skill rather than automatic ease. What to watch: Recognition can arrive faster than structure. Overwork, unclear authority or accepting a visible role without adequate support can weaken an otherwise strong phase. Practical focus: Choose measurable work, strengthen one differentiating skill, document results and accept only the responsibility that can be carried consistently. ### Education, Knowledge & Skills Learning becomes most powerful when curiosity is connected with practical application. The creativity-and-intelligence house is Aquarius, while the higher-learning house is Gemini; their rulers show whether knowledge is developed through self-study, mentors, formal institutions, travel or repeated work. Mercury describes the learning process and Jupiter describes judgement and meaning. What supports this: Mercury scores 58/100 and Jupiter scores 69/100. The ruler is well supported, so this area can produce dependable progress when it is used consistently. The ruler is workable but mixed, so results depend more on timing, preparation and clear choices than on easy momentum. It is also active in the present Dasha sequence, making its choices more immediate now. What to watch: Fast understanding is not the same as mastery. Pride, distraction or changing methods too often can prevent knowledge from becoming usable skill. Practical focus: Study in cycles: learn, explain, practise, receive feedback and apply the skill to a real problem. ### Marriage, Partnerships & Clients Partnership works best when fairness is matched by directness. The relationship house is Aries and its ruler connects partnership with courage, communication, skills and self-directed effort. Venus shows how affection, agreement and public appeal are expressed; the Navmansh chart adds the deeper pattern of commitment and maturity. What supports this: The ruler is workable but mixed, so results depend more on timing, preparation and clear choices than on easy momentum. Venus carries a 49/100 score. The compact Manglik check is not indicated and must be read with cancellation factors and both people's charts. What to watch: Harmony can become avoidance when important expectations are left implicit. A difficult period does not automatically mean separation; it more often exposes what needs honest negotiation. Practical focus: Ask what each side actually needs, put important terms in writing and protect cooperation with clear boundaries. ### Children, Creativity & Legacy The same part of the chart governs creativity, mentoring, judgement and the wish to leave something meaningful behind. Its ruler works from personal reinvention, confidence and visibility, showing where creative energy seeks expression. Jupiter describes guidance and continuity, while the Moon shows emotional investment in what is created or cared for. What supports this: The ruler is well supported, so this area can produce dependable progress when it is used consistently. Jupiter has a 69/100 score, indicating how easily encouragement, teaching and long-term perspective can be accessed. What to watch: Creative pride, unrealistic expectations or trying to control another person's path can turn care into pressure. Fertility and medical questions cannot be answered safely from an automated chart. Practical focus: Create consistently, mentor without controlling and use qualified medical or educational support when the question requires it. ### Property, Vehicles & Domestic Stability Assets and domestic stability are strongest when emotional security, affordability and documentation agree. The property house ruler links home matters with personal reinvention, confidence and visibility; Mars contributes decisiveness and construction, while Venus contributes comfort, design and value judgement. What supports this: The ruler is well supported, so this area can produce dependable progress when it is used consistently. Mars scores 60/100 and Venus scores 49/100. What to watch: A favourable period cannot replace legal title checks, inspections, insurance, affordability or maintenance planning. Practical focus: Prefer documented, affordable and maintainable assets over purchases made mainly for status or emotional reassurance. ### Travel, Foreign Links & Relocation Movement is shown through short journeys and initiative, long-distance learning, and foreign or private environments. These houses connect through their rulers, while Rahu in house 8 shows where unfamiliar settings, technology or international networks can become unusually compelling. What supports this: House 3: The ruler is well supported, so this area can produce dependable progress when it is used consistently. It is also active in the present Dasha sequence, making its choices more immediate now. House 9: The ruler is workable but mixed, so results depend more on timing, preparation and clear choices than on easy momentum. It is also active in the present Dasha sequence, making its choices more immediate now. House 12: The ruler is workable but mixed, so results depend more on timing, preparation and clear choices than on easy momentum. It is also active in the present Dasha sequence, making its choices more immediate now. What to watch: A foreign-house connection is a possibility, not proof of migration, visa approval or permanent settlement. Excitement can hide practical gaps. Practical focus: Match timing with documents, money, language, health cover and a realistic study or employment route. ### Friends, Networks, Income & Gains Long-term gains depend less on the size of the network than on the quality and incentives of the people inside it. The gains-house ruler works from personal reinvention, confidence and visibility, showing where useful alliances are formed and why some connections produce recognition while others create distraction. What supports this: The ruler is sensitive, so this area grows through correction, boundaries and learned skill rather than automatic ease. The current Dasha activates this area indirectly, so network choices should be judged by reliability and shared purpose. What to watch: Popularity, access or a large audience can be mistaken for loyalty. Vague promises and unequal incentives weaken gains over time. Practical focus: Build a small group of dependable allies, define reciprocal value and turn one-off attention into repeatable systems. ### Spirituality, Values & Life Purpose Meaning develops through the relationship between principles, private reflection and the ability to make insight useful. The higher-purpose ruler works from personal reinvention, confidence and visibility; Ketu in house 2 shows where simplification, detachment or specialist depth can become important. What supports this: The ruler is workable but mixed, so results depend more on timing, preparation and clear choices than on easy momentum. It is also active in the present Dasha sequence, making its choices more immediate now. The ruler is workable but mixed, so results depend more on timing, preparation and clear choices than on easy momentum. It is also active in the present Dasha sequence, making its choices more immediate now. Principal statement: I express. What to watch: A meaningful practice should increase steadiness, ethics and compassion—not fear, superiority, dependency or avoidance of ordinary responsibilities. Practical focus: Choose study, prayer, meditation or service that makes daily conduct clearer and kinder. ### Challenges, Resilience & Transformation The difficult houses do not only describe pressure; they show how the person learns to solve problems, survive change and release what no longer works. In this chart they are ruled by Jupiter, Venus and Mercury. The more sensitive planets are Sun, Venus, so their functions need conscious practice rather than fear. What supports this: Active or reduced challenge patterns: Grahan Dosha. Difficult-house activation can develop research, service, endurance and crisis-management skill. What to watch: Do not turn a symbolic flag into a verdict. Pressure becomes more harmful when it is hidden, undocumented or treated as proof that nothing can change. Practical focus: Use evidence, contingency plans, qualified advice and steady routines. Solve the next concrete problem rather than fighting an imagined lifelong sentence. ### Current Dasha & Near-Term Timing The current long chapter is led by Mercury, and its sub-period is Jupiter until 11 December 2028. In everyday terms, this means personal reinvention, confidence and visibility remains the background priority while courage, communication, skills and self-directed effort determines the immediate decisions. This Mercury chapter redirects attention toward personal reinvention, confidence and visibility. For a Libra Lagna, Mercury also carries education, mentors, travel, publishing and guiding principles; closure, private preparation, foreign links and inner renewal. This means progress in one of these areas often creates a decision in the others. Learning, writing, business, negotiation and information systems become the route to progress. This planet has workable support: progress is available, but consistency and good judgement decide how much of it becomes durable. What supports this: The current four-level sequence is Mercury → Jupiter → Jupiter → Venus. Active Yogas include Dhana-yoga link, Dharma-Karmadhipati connection, Raja-yoga links. What to watch: A Dasha change shifts emphasis; it does not guarantee one event on one date. The same period can express differently depending on choices, age, environment and opportunity. Practical focus: Prepare for the next Mercury → Saturn phase beginning 11 December 2028: The wider Mercury chapter continues to build identity, confidence and a new direction. This Saturn phase brings personal reinvention, confidence and visibility to the foreground. In practical terms, choose a clear direction, strengthen the body and identity, and let action follow a defined purpose. ### Practical Priorities The strongest immediate direction is to work on personal reinvention, confidence and visibility through courage, communication, skills and self-directed effort. The next stronger growth window centres on 2036, especially for money, values, speech and family responsibilities. The chart's larger lesson is not to chase every opening, but to choose the few commitments that improve both capability and stability. What supports this: Charisma or talent: Discipline, endurance, administration and the ability to build authority slowly. Active Yogas: Dhana-yoga link, Dharma-Karmadhipati connection, Raja-yoga links. What to watch: Growth edge: Pride can make feedback feel personal; confidence grows faster when authority remains accountable. Practical focus: Learn, communicate, compare evidence and turn ideas into a workable plan. Let personal reinvention, confidence and visibility lead the plan. For immediate choices, expand through knowledge, mentoring, ethics and opportunities that improve the long term. ## Sade Sati Window: around 22 October 2038 – around 8 December 2046 Active now: No Summary: Saturn is transiting Pisces, the 6th sign from the natal Moon. Sade Sati is not active now; the next complete window is expected from around 22 October 2038 to around 8 December 2046. ## Numerology name fit Score: 54/100 — Strong alternative found Guidance: Name fit: 54/100. A natural public-name format—“K. Perry”—tests at 79/100 (+25 points), using the first initial with the complete family name. Use it only when it is an authentic form the person can use consistently; numerology does not guarantee success. Suggested spelling: K. Perry (79/100) Authentic 100/100 name form: none among the recorded names and natural abbreviations Strongest authentic form tested: K. Perry (79/100) 100/100 note: The strongest genuine form currently available is “K. Perry” at 79/100. The calculator will not invent initials, add random letters or distort spelling to manufacture 100/100. Add real aliases, the complete birth name or an established professional name to the INI record for further testing. ## Personal signature - Your Greatest Desire: Emotional security, mutual trust and dependable companionship. - Your Driving Force: Harmony, mutual respect, beauty and relationships that feel fair. - Motive of Life: Bringing ideas, emotion and imagination into forms other people can enjoy or understand. - Your Charisma / Talent: Discipline, endurance, administration and the ability to build authority slowly. - Flaw To Work On: Pride can make feedback feel personal; confidence grows faster when authority remains accountable. - Principal Statement: I express. - Line Of Direction: Learn, communicate, compare evidence and turn ideas into a workable plan. Let personal reinvention, confidence and visibility lead the plan. For immediate choices, expand through knowledge, mentoring, ethics and opportunities that improve the long term. ## Astrologer desk Ephemeris: Swiss Ephemeris · Lahiri sidereal zodiac Ayanamsha: 23° 38′ 42″ House model: Whole-sign houses Node model: Mean lunar node (Rahu and Ketu) Birth UT: 25 Oct 1984, 14:58:00 UTC ## One-page section map - 01. Lagna and Navmansh Charts: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/lagna-navmansh-charts — North Indian D1 Lagna and D9 Navmansh charts with signs, houses and Graha placements. - 02. Exact Graha Positions: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/exact-graha-positions — Exact sidereal longitude, Rashi, Bhava, Nakshatra, Pada, dignity and Navmansh position. - 03. Bhava Lord and Occupancy Matrix: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/bhava-lord-occupancy-matrix — All twelve Bhavas with their lords, lord placement, occupants and incoming Graha Drishti. - 04. Graha Drishti and Conjunctions: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/graha-drishti-conjunctions — Traditional Vedic planetary aspects, conjunctions and the life areas they connect. - 05. Current Gochar Snapshot: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/current-gochar-snapshot — Current sidereal transits measured from the natal Moon and Lagna. - 06. Yoga Report: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/yoga-report — Important Yogas in the chart, what they can support and when they become more active. - 07. Dasha Report: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/dasha-report — Current four-level Vimshottari Dasha, earlier chapters, turning points and future periods. - 08. Sade Sati: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/sade-sati-report — The complete Saturn-over-Moon window, present phase, start and end dates. - 09. Life Timeline and Timing Ahead: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/life-timeline-timing-ahead — Past strength, current chapter, next shift, future opportunity and five-year timing. - 10. Numerology and Name Analysis: https://www.planetposition.com/generatekundli/katy-perry/numerology-name-analysis — Life Path, date numbers, current-name fit and genuine recorded name alternatives. ## Source references - Timed birth-data source: https://raw.githubusercontent.com/VedAstro/VedAstro/master/HuggingFace/PersonList-15k.csv - Glimpse 2026 global search ranking: https://meetglimpse.com/top-searched/most-searched-person/ - Public biography reference: https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Katy_Perry ## Method and use Lahiri sidereal positions, whole-sign houses, North Indian Lagna and Navmansh (Navamsha) presentation, and Vimshottari Dasha are used where birth-time data permits. Astrology and numerology are interpretive educational systems, not guarantees or substitutes for professional advice.